Parts of Speech
Words are divided according to their positions and usages in a sentence. This is called Parts of Speech.
Parts of speech are the categories into which words are classified as per their functions in a sentence.
These categories help us understand how words relate to each other and contribute to the overall meaning of a sentence.
The Parts of Speech are eight in number.
They are:
1. Noun
2. Adjective
3. Pronoun
4. Verb
5. Adverb
6. Preposition
7. Conjunction
8. Interjection.
1) Noun
Noun is a word that gives a name of a person, place or thing, Noun is The Noun is a naming word. It also refers to an idea or abstract object.
e.g.
Rahul, India, pen, bag, player, childhood, singer etc.
Features-
✍️Nouns are often used with an article (the, a, an), but not always. ✍️Proper nouns always start with a capital letter while common nouns do not.
✍️Nouns can be singular or plural, concrete or abstract.
✍️Nouns show possession by adding ‘s.
✍️Nouns can function in different roles within a sentence; for example, a noun can be a subject, direct object, indirect object, subject complement, or object of a preposition.
2) Adjective
An Adjective is a word that qualifies a noun or pronoun. It adds something to the noun or pronoun. It gives more information about a noun or a pronoun.
e.g.:
beautiful flower, clever boy, white wall, weak person, strange name.
The words beautiful, clever, white, weak, strange are used to qualify or add something to the nouns flower, boy, wall, person and name .
Features-
✍️An adjective is a word used to modify or describe a noun or a pronoun.
✍️It usually answers the question of which one, what kind, or how many.
3) Pronoun
A Pronoun is a word which is used in the place of a Noun. Pronoun is a word that takes the place of noun. We often use pronouns to avoid repeating the nouns that they refer to.
e.g.:
Ram is a farmer. He works very hard.
Seema is a girl. She is beautiful.
The word ‘he’ and ‘she’ are used instead of the noun Ram and Seema. These words are called a pronoun.
Features-
✍️A pronoun is usually substituted for a specific noun, which is called its antecedent.
✍️Pronouns are further defined by various types as given below.
✍️Personal pronouns refer to specific persons or things.
✍️Possessive pronouns indicate ownership.
✍️Reflexive pronouns are used to emphasize another noun or pronoun.
✍️Relative pronouns introduce a subordinate clause.
✍️Demonstrative pronouns identify, point to, or refer to nouns.
4) Verb
The Verb is a word that denotes an action. Verb is a word that describes an action or talks about something that happens. Verb takes different forms depending on subject and the time it refers to.
e.g.
a) Raju plays cricket.
b) She wrote a letter to her friend.
Here words ‘plays and wrote’ are verbs.
The words like read, call, sing, write, cut, run, play, drink, cut, catch etc. are verbs.
Features-
✍️There is a main verb and sometimes one or more helping verbs in a sentence.
✍️ A verb must agree with its subject in number (both are singular or both are plural).
✍️Verbs also take different forms to denote tense.
5) Adverb
An Adverb is a word that modifies a verb, an adjective or an adverb.
e.g.
a) She ran fast. (modifies the Verb ‘ran’)
b) He drank very hot tea. (modifies the Adjective ‘hot’)
c) They worked quite hard. (modifies the Adverb ‘hard’)
Features-
✍️An adverb describes or modifies a verb, an adjective, or another adverb, but never a noun.
✍️It usually answers the questions of – when, where, how, why, under what conditions, or to what degree.
✍️Adverbs mostly end in -ly. But it is not applicable to all adverbs. (e.g. soon, often, always)
6. Preposition
The preposition is a word used with a noun or a pronoun to show their relation with something else.
e.g.:
a) The dog is in the garden.
b) She goes to college.
The preposition ‘in’ shows the relation of the noun ‘dog’ with the garden while ‘to’ shows the relation of the pronoun ‘she’ with the college.
Features-
✍️ A preposition is a word placed before a noun or pronoun to form a phrase modifying another word in the sentence.
✍️A preposition is always part of a prepositional phrase.
✍️The prepositional phrase mostly functions as an adjective or as an adverb.
7) Conjunction
Conjunctions are words used to connect words, phrases, clauses or sentences.
e.g.:
a) Pen and paper
b) Bat and ball.
c) He is tired but he wins the race.
d) She is beautiful but extravagant.
Features-
✍️A conjunction joins words, phrases, or clauses, and indicates the relationship between the elements joined.
✍️Coordinating conjunctions connect grammatically equal elements.
e.g. and, but, or, nor, for, so, yet, etc.
✍️Subordinating conjunctions connect clauses.
e.g. because, although, while, since, etc.
8) Interjection
An Interjection is a word or sound used to express sudden feelings or emotions.
e.g.
a) Alas! He is no more.
b) Oh! What a pity!
c) Ugh! What a dirty area it is!
d) Hurrah! We’ve won the match!
Features-
✍️An interjection is a word used to express emotion, command, reaction, or sudden feeling.
✍️It is often followed by an exclamatory mark.
✍️Interjections can stand alone or be inserted into a sentence.
Read More-
